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Earthquake-and-landslide events are associated with more fatalities than earthquakes alone

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An Erratum to this article was published on 22 January 2015

Abstract

Natural hazards are natural processes of the complex Earth system and may interact and affect each other. Often a single hazard can trigger a subsequent, different hazard, such as earthquakes triggering landslides. The effect of such cascading hazards has received relatively little attention in the literature. The majority of previous research has focused on single hazards in isolation, and even multi-hazard risk assessment currently does not account for the interaction between hazards, therefore ignoring potential amplification effects. Global earthquake-and-landslide fatality data were used to model cascading events to explore relationships between the number of fatalities during single and cascading events and covariates. A multivariate statistical approach was used to model the relationship between earthquake fatalities and several covariates. The covariates included earthquake magnitude, gross domestic product, slope, poverty, health, access to cities, exposed population to earthquake shaking, building strength and whether a landslide was triggered or not. Multivariate regression analysis showed the numbers of earthquake fatalities are significantly affected by whether a subsequent landslide is triggered or not.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters and US Geological Survey for the provision of earthquake data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

    M. E. A. Budimir & P. M. Atkinson

  2. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

    H. G. Lewis

Authors
  1. M. E. A. Budimir
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  2. P. M. Atkinson
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  3. H. G. Lewis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. E. A. Budimir.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

See Table 7.

Table 7 A list of the acronyms used
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Budimir, M.E.A., Atkinson, P.M. & Lewis, H.G. Earthquake-and-landslide events are associated with more fatalities than earthquakes alone. Nat Hazards 72, 895–914 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1044-4

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