Python in 30 minutes!

Python in 30 minutes!*
Fariz Darari
* Recommended slide reading time unless otherwise specified

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Not this python, unfortunately

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But this Python!
Programming Language

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But this Python!
Created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum

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But this Python!
Cross Platform
Created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum

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But this Python!
Freely Usable Even for Commercial UseCreated in 1991 by Guido van Rossum
Cross Platform

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice
for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com
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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

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public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello world!");
}
}

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public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello world!");
}
}
print("Hello world!")

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Big names using Python

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Image Processing using Python
https://opencv.org/

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Game Development using Python
https://www.pygame.org

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Data Science using Python
https://matplotlib.org/

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Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Text Mining using Python
https://github.com/amueller/word_cloud

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Let's now explore the Python universe!

How to install Python the Anaconda way
1. Download Anaconda (which includes Python):
https://www.anaconda.com/download/
2. Run the installer and follow the installation instructions
3. Run the Spyder editor and create your first Python program "helloworld.py"
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Python Setup

• Variables store and give names to data values
• Data values can be of various types:
• int : -5, 0, 1000000
• float : -2.0, 3.14159
• bool : True, False
• str : "Hello world!", "K3WL"
• list : [1, 2, 3, 4], ["Hello", "world!"], [1, 2, "Hello"], [ ]
• And many more!
• In Python, variables do not have types!
• Data values are assigned to variables using "="
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Variables and Data Types
x = 1 # this is a Python comment
x = x + 5
y = "Python" + " is " + "cool!"

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Variables and Data Types in Real Life

• Cores of programming!
• Rely on boolean expressions which return either True or False
• 1 < 2 : True
• 1.5 >= 2.5 : False
• answer == "Computer Science" :
can be True or False depending on the value of variable answer
• Boolean expressions can be combined with: and, or, not
• 1 < 2 and 3 < 4 : True
• 1.5 >= 2.5 or 2 == 2 : True
• not 1.5 >= 2.5 : True
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Conditionals and Loops

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Conditionals: Generic Form
if boolean-expression-1:
code-block-1
elif boolean-expression-2:
code-block-2
(as many elif's as you want)
else:
code-block-last

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Conditionals: Usia SIM (Driving license age)
age = 20
if age < 17:
print("Belum bisa punya SIM!")
else:
print("OK, sudah bisa punya SIM.")

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Conditionals: Usia SIM dengan Input
age = int(raw_input("Usia: ")) # use input() for Python 3
if age < 17:
print("Belum bisa punya SIM!")
else:
print("OK, sudah bisa punya SIM.")

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Conditionals: Grading
grade = int(raw_input("Numeric grade: "))
if grade >= 80:
print("A")
elif grade >= 65:
print("B")
elif grade >= 55:
print("C")
else:
print("E")

• Useful for repeating code!
• Two variants:
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Loops
while boolean-expression:
code-block
for element in collection:
code-block

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While Loops
while raw_input("Which is the best subject? ") != "Computer Science":
print("Try again!")
print("Of course it is!")
while boolean-expression:
code-block

So far, we have seen (briefly) two kinds of collections:
string and list
For loops can be used to visit each collection's element:
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For Loops
for element in collection:
code-block
for chr in "string":
print(chr)
for elem in [1,3,5]:
print(elem)

Conditionals and Loops in Real Life
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• Functions encapsulate (= membungkus) code blocks
• Why functions? Modularization and reuse!
• You actually have seen examples of functions:
• print()
• raw_input()
• Generic form:
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Functions
def function-name(parameters):
code-block
return value

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Functions: Celcius to Fahrenheit
def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
fahrenheit = celsius * 1.8 + 32.0
return fahrenheit
def function-name(parameters):
code-block
return value

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Functions: Default and Named Parameters
def hello(name_man="Bro", name_woman="Sis"):
print("Hello, " + name_man + " & " + name_woman + "!")
>>> hello()
Hello, Bro & Sis!
>>> hello(name_woman="Lady")
Hello, Bro & Lady!
>>> hello(name_woman="Mbakyu",name_man="Mas")
Hello, Mas & Mbakyu!

• Code made by other people shall be reused!
• Two ways of importing modules (= Python files):
• Generic form: import module_name
import math
print(math.sqrt(4))
• Generic form: from module_name import function_name
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(4))
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Imports

• String is a sequence of characters, like "Python is cool"
• Each character has an index
• Accessing a character: string[index]
x = "Python is cool"
print(x[10])
• Accessing a substring via slicing: string[start:finish]
print(x[2:6])
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String
P y t h o n i s c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

>>> x = "Python is cool"
>>> "cool" in x # membership
>>> len(x) # length of string x
>>> x + "?" # concatenation
>>> x.upper() # to upper case
>>> x.replace("c", "k") # replace characters in a string
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String Operations
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

>>> x.split(" ") 39
String Operations: Split
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
P y t h o n
0 1 2 3 4 5
i s
0 1
c o o l
0 1 2 3
x.split(" ")

>>> y = x.split(" ")
>>> ",".join(y) 40
String Operations: Join
P y t h o n , i s , c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
P y t h o n
0 1 2 3 4 5
i s
0 1
c o o l
0 1 2 3
",".join(y)

• Working with data heavily involves reading and writing!
• Data come in two types:
• Text: Human readable, encoded in ASCII/UTF-8, example: .txt, .csv
• Binary: Machine readable, application-specific encoding,
example: .mp3, .mp4, .jpg
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Input/Output

python
is
cool
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Input
cool.txt
x = open("cool.txt", "r") # read mode
y = x.read() # read the whole
print(y)
x.close()

python
is
cool
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Input
cool.txt
x = open("cool.txt", "r")
# read line by line
for line in x:
line = line.replace("n","")
print(line)
x.close()

python
is
cool
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Input
cool.txt
x = open("C:UsersFarizcool.txt", "r") # absolute location
for line in x:
line = line.replace("n","")
print(line)
x.close()

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Output
# write mode
x = open("carpe-diem.txt", "w")
x.write("carpendiemn")
x.close()
# append mode
x = open("carpe-diem.txt", "a")
x.write("carpendiemn")
x.close()
Write mode overwrites files,
while append mode does not overwrite files but instead appends at the end of the files' content

• If a string is a sequence of characters, then
a list is a sequence of items!
• List is usually enclosed by square brackets [ ]
• As opposed to strings where the object is fixed (= immutable),
we are free to modify lists (that is, lists are mutable).
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Lists
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
x[0] = 4
x.append(5)
print(x) # [4, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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List Operations
>>> x = [ "Python", "is", "cool" ]
>>> x.sort() # sort elements in x
>>> x[0:2] # slicing
>>> len(x) # length of string x
>>> x + ["!"] # concatenation
>>> x[2] = "hot" # replace element at index 0 with "hot"
>>> x.remove("Python") # remove the first occurrence of "Python"
>>> x.pop(0) # remove the element at index 0

It is basically a cool way of generating a list
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List Comprehension
[expression for-clause condition]
Example:
[i*2 for i in [0,1,2,3,4] if i%2 == 0]
[i.replace("o", "i") for i in ["Python", "is", "cool"] if len(i) >= 3]

• Like a list, but you cannot modify it (= immutable)
• Tuple is usually (but not necessarily) enclosed by parentheses ()
• Everything that works with lists, works with tuples,
except functions modifying the tuples' content
• Example:
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Tuples
x = (0,1,2)
y = 0,1,2 # same as x
x[0] = 2 # this gives an error

• As opposed to lists, in sets duplicates are removed and
there is no order of elements!
• Set is of the form { e1, e2, e3, ... }
• Operations include: intersection, union, difference.
• Example:
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Sets
x = [0,1,2,0,0,1,2,2]
y = {0,1,2,0,0,1,2,2}
print(x)
print(y)
print(y & {1,2,3}) # intersection
print(y | {1,2,3}) # union
print(y - {1,2,3}) # difference

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Dictionaries
• Dictionaries map from keys to values!
• Content in dictionaries is not ordered.
• Dictionary is of the form { k1:v1, k2:v2, k3:v3, ... }
• Example:
x = {"indonesia":"jakarta", "germany":"berlin","italy":"rome"}
print(x["indonesia"]) # get value from key
x["japan"] = "tokyo" # add a new key-value pair to dictionary
print(x) # {'italy': 'rome', 'indonesia': 'jakarta', 'germany': 'berlin', 'japan': 'tokyo'}

• While in functions we encapsulate a set of instructions,
in classes we encapsulate objects!
• A class is a blueprint for objects, specifying:
• Attributes for objects
• Methods for objects
• A class can use other classes as a base
• Generic:
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Classes
class class-name(base):
attribute-code-block
method-code-block

class Person:
def __init__(self, first, last):
self.firstname = first
self.lastname = last
def describe(self):
return self.firstname + " " + self.lastname
guido = Person("Guido","Van Rossum")
print(guido.describe())
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Classes: Person
method-code-block

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Classes: Person & Employee
method-code-block
# first add code for class Person here
class Employee(Person):
def __init__(self, first, last, staffnum):
Person.__init__(self, first, last)
self.staffnum = staffnum
def describe(self):
return self.lastname + ", " + str(self.staffnum)
guido = Employee("Guido", "Van Rossum", 123456)
print(guido.describe())

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What's next? Keep learning!
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python
https://docs.python.org
http://greenteapress.com/wp/think-python-2e/Python Official Documentation
Python on stackoverflow (QA website on programming)
Free Python e-book

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Food pack is ready,
enjoy your journey!

Python in 30 minutes!

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